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Stora Enso has 15 pulp mills, all but one of which use the Elemental Chlorine-Free (ECF) process. Nymölla Sulphite Pulp Mill uses a Totally Chlorine-Free (TCF) process, which is also used for part of Kemijärvi Pulp Mill's production. No elemental chlorine is used in Stora Enso's mills. The choice of bleaching process is made by each mill to optimise quality, production and environmental impacts.
Bleaching processes on a global level
ECF pulp production increased globally by about 17% in 2001 and now has a market share of approximately 75%. TCF production declined slightly, maintaining a small niche market amounting to 5% of world bleached chemical pulp production (AET, May 2002).
During the past 10–15 years extensive research has been carried out to assess how TCF bleaching affects the environment compared to ECF bleaching. These studies show that both bleaching techniques give equally good results, as long as waste water is treated using modern methods.
For additional reading on ECF and TCF see references.
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