Stora Enso


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    FinancialsNotesNote 2 Financial Risk Management

Note 2 Financial Risk Management


   
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Stora Enso is exposed to a number of financial market risks that the Group is responsible for managing under policies approved by the Financial and Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The overall objective is to have cost-effective funding in Group companies as well as to manage financial risks in order to decrease earnings volatility with the use of financial instruments. The main exposures for the Group are funding risk, interest rate risk, currency risk and commodity risk.

Funding Risk

Funding risk arises from the difficulty of obtaining finance for operations at a given point in time. In order to minimise the cost of refinancing the Group loan portfolio and to ensure that funding is obtainable, the Group Treasury must have committed credit facilities to cover planned funding needs, the current portion of long-term debt, commercial paper borrowings and other short-term loans. The average maturity of outstanding loans and committed credit facilities should be at least four years and not more than seven.

Interest Rate Risk

Fluctuations in interest rates affect the interest expense of the Group. As a result of the cyclical nature of the economy, the Group has an interest rate risk policy to synchronise interest costs with earnings over the business cycle by swapping long-term fixed interest rates to short-term floating interest rates. The Groups’s duration benchmark is 12 months and the Treasury has a deviation mandate of between 3 and 24 months.

Currency Risk

The Group operates internationally and is thus exposed to currency risk arising from exchange rate fluctuations. Transaction risk, being foreign currency-denominated sales and purchases together with foreign currency Balance Sheet items, as well as translation risk, being net investments in foreign subsidiaries, in aggregate comprise the foreign currency exchange risk of Stora Enso. The Group policy for transaction risk is to hedge a maximum 75% of the next 12 months net exposure in a specific currency. The policy relating to translation risk exposure is to minimise this risk by funding investments in the same currency as the net assets whenever this is possible and economically viable.

Commodity Risk

Group earnings are exposed to commodity price volatility. The Group has implemented a commodity risk management framework in the areas of fibre and energy procurement whereby subsidiaries are responsible for measuring their open commodity price risks and hedging these through the Group Treasury.

Credit Risk

Credit insurance has been obtained for customers in the main market areas of Western Europe, Canada and the United States. In other market areas, measures to reduce credit risks include letters of credit, prepayments and bank guarantees. The Group has also obtained export guarantees, covering both political and commercial risks, which are used in connection with individual customers outside the OECD area. Management considers that no significant concentration of credit risk with any individual customer, counterparty or geographical region exists for Stora Enso.

Supply Risk

Group manufacturing operations depend on obtaining adequate and timely supplies of raw materials, principally of wood, energy and chemicals. The result of operations could be adversely affected if the Group were unable to obtain adequate supplies of raw materials in a timely manner or if there were significant increases in the costs of raw materials.

Group companies may at times be substantially dependent on a limited number of key resource suppliers due to availability, locality, price, quality and other constraints; additionally, suppliers may sometimes extend lead times, limit supplies or increase prices due to capacity constraints or other factors. In an attempt to mitigate supply risk, the Group works closely with its key suppliers around the world and also produces some of its key resources in-house.

















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