Sustainability Glossary
Financial Glossary
Technical Glossary

Sustainability Glossary A-H I-P Q-Z
AOX	Adsorbable organic halogen compounds. A collective term for the amount of chlorine or other halogens bound to organic matter in waste water.
ATFS	American Tree Farm System®
BAT	Best Available Technology
Bio-fuels	Fuels derived from renewable raw materials, such as bark, black liquor or logging residuals.
CERFLOR	Sistema Brazileiro de Certificação Florestal. A Brazilian forest certification system, which is a member of PEFC.
Chain-of-custody	Verified chain-of-custody systems are used to prove that wood comes from certified forests. If extended to mill and product level, such systems enable forest certification labelling. Chain-of-custody systems are established and audited according to rules set by the relevant forest certification system, for example PEFC or FSC.
CHP	Combined heat and power generation
CO2	Carbon dioxide. A gas formed during combustion and certain natural processes. Trees utilise carbon dioxide as they grow, through photosynthesis. Increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are widely believed to contribute to climate change.
COD	Chemical Oxygen Demand. A measure of the amount of oxygen required for the total chemical breakdown of organic substances in water by chemical oxygen-consuming substances.
CSA Z809	Canada's National Standard on Sustainable Forest Management.
CSR	Corporate Social Responsibility. Stora Enso's CSR Principles cover issues including human rights, ethical business practices, communications, community involvement and reductions in the workforce.
De-inking	Chemical and mechanical processes used to separate inks from fibres when pulp is processed from recovered paper.
DJSI	Dow Jones Sustainability Index
ECF	Elemental Chlorine-Free. Used to describe pulp bleaching without the use of any elemental chlorine, although chlorine compounds like chlorine dioxide may be used.
EMAS	Eco-Management and Audit Scheme. A voluntary environmental management system applicable in Europe, based on the EU EMAS Regulation.
FFCS	Finnish Forest Certification System
Filler	Materials like clay, added to pulp before it is formed into paper to improve the paper's smoothness, brightness and printability.
FLEGT	Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade. An EU initiative that stresses documenting the origin of fibre.
Forest certification	A procedure whereby an independent third party inspects forest management and utilisation practices to assess compliance with a set of ecological, economic and social standards for sustainable forestry. Commonly used forest certification systems include FSC and PEFC.
Fossil fuels	Solid, liquid or gaseous fuels formed in the ground over millions of years by chemical and physical changes in plant and animal residues under high temperature and pressure, e.g. oil, natural gas and coal are fossil fuels.
FSC	Forest Stewardship Council
FTSE4Good Index	The FTSE4Good Index series includes socially responsible companies. The FTSE is jointly owned by the London Stock Exchange and The Financial Times.
GMO	Genetically modified organisms
Greenhouse gases	The major greenhouse gases considered to be responsible for causing climate change are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The Kyoto Protocol on climate change also addresses hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
ISO 14001	A global standard created for corporate environmental management systems by the International Organisation for Standardisation. Other ISO certifications cover issues including quality management (ISO 9001).
NGO	Non-governmental organisation
Nitrogen	An element common as a gas in the atmosphere. Excessive concentrations of nitrogen compounds in water, together with phosphorus compounds and organic substances, can lead to increased biological activity in water, through eutrophication.
NOx	A collective term for the nitrogen oxides formed during combustion, which can contribute to the acidification of soil and water.
OHS	Occupational health and safety
OHSAS 18001	A global standard created for occupational health and safety management by the International Organisation for Standardisation.
PEFC	Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes
Phosphorus	Excessive concentrations of phosphorus compounds in water, together with nitrogen compounds and organic substances, can lead to increased biological activity in water, through eutrophication.
Pigment	An ingredient added to pulp to increase brightness and opacity of paper. Pigment dyes are also used in some coloured grades to create deep colors.
Recovered fibre	Fibre raw material produced from recovered paper, often in the form of de-inked pulp.
Recovered paper	Used paper and board collected for re-use as fibre raw material.
SFI	Sustainable Forestry Initiative® programme of the American Forest & Paper Association
SFM	Canadian Standards Association Program for Sustainable Forest Management
SO2	Sulphur dioxide. A gas formed when fuels that contain sulphur, such as oil and coal, are burned. Sulphur dioxide contributes to the acidification of soil and water.
SRI	Socially Responsible Investors, who typically use sustainability indexes, such as the DJSI and FTSE4Good, to identify companies that create long-term value for shareholders and society at large.
Sustainability	Stora Enso equates sustainability with corporate responsibility in the broadest sense, including environmental and economic issues as well as corporate social responsibility (CSR).
TCF	Totally Chlorine-Free. Used to describe pulp bleached without the use of any chlorine or chlorine compounds.
Traceability	The ability to trace the wood used by a mill back to its forest origin. The full documentation of the origin of fibre is a universal goal throughout Stora Enso's operations.
Top
Financial Glossary A-H I-P Q-Z
Cash earnings per share	Formula: (Profit for the period + depreciations) / Average number of shares
Dividend yield	Shows the amount of dividend in proportion to a share's market price. The price used is usually the market price at the end of the period under review, for example the end of a financial year. Formula: 100 x (Dividend per share / Share price at the close of the period)
Debt/Equity ratio	Shows the amount of net debt in proportion to equity capital. Formula: Interest-bearing net liabilities / Equity. Stora Enso's target is a debt/equity ratio at or below 0.8.
Dividend per share	Formula: Dividend for the period / Number of shares
Earnings per share	Formula: Profit for the period / Average number of shares
Equity per share	Shows how much of a company's equity one share represents. If the market price is greater than the equity per share, the market believes that the company will generate extra value. Formula: Equity / Number of shares at the close of the period.
Equity ratio	Shows the amount of equity in proportion to total assets. Formula: 100 x (Equity + minority interests) / Total assets
Interest-bearing net liabilities	Formula: Interest-bearing liabilities - interest-bearing assets
Payout ratio	Shows how much of a company's profit is distributed as dividend. Formula: 100 x Dividend per share / Earnings per share. Stora Enso's target is to distribute one half of net profits as dividend over the business cycle.
P/E	Shows a share's market price in proportion to its earnings. Calculated by dividing the share price by the reported or forecast annual earnings per share. For an investor this means that, if the P/E ratio is 10, the price is equivalent to ten years' earnings. The figure illustrates expectations of future company growth. In comparisons, it is best used for companies operating in the same field.
ROOC, Return on Operating Capital	Formula: 100 x (Operating profit / Operating capital 1) 2))
ROCE, Return on Capital Employed	Formula: 100 x (Operating profit / Capital employed 1)2) ). Stora Enso's target is 13% over the cycle.
ROE, Return on Equity	Formula: 100 x (Profit before tax and minority items - taxes) /( Equity + minority interests 2)).
Top
Technical Glossary A-H I-P Q-Z
Absorbency	Ability of a paper or board to take up and retain a liquid with which it is in contact
Art paper	Paper, normally wood-free, suitable for 4-colour printing, evenly coated with a fine clay compound, which creates a hard smooth surface on one or both sides
Ash content	Residue left after complete combustion of paper at high temperature, generally expressed as a percentage of the original test sample and represents filler content in the paper
Bale	Solid pressed packaging unit of pulp
Beating	Mechanical treatment of pulp fibres to develop their paper technical properties, such as ability to bond each other
Biological durability	Natural resistance against fungi
Bisulphite pulp	Chemical pulp produced by cooking woodchips in a solution of sulphur dioxide and ammonium-, calcium-, sodium- or magnesium-sulphite
Black liquor	Mixture of cooking chemicals and dissolved wood material remaining after sulphate cooking; recovered during pulp washing, concentrated by evaporation and burned in the recovery boiler to regenerate the cooking chemicals and generate energy
Blade coating	Most widely used coating method in which excess coating material is scraped off by a blade
Bleaching	Removal and/or modification of coloured components in pulp to improve brightness carried out in one or several consecutive stages
Book paper	Classification of paper that includes various grades and many finishes, among the grades being uncoated book paper and coated book paper used by printing establishments, publishers, etc
Broke	Paper or board discarded during manufacture or converting of paper; usually repulped
Bulk	Reciprocal of paper density, also known as specific volume
Bulk product	Mass-produced product usually in compliance with standard specifications, e.g. newsprint
Bulking thickness	Thickness of a pack of sheets divided by the number of sheets in the pack
Calendering	Operation carried out by means of a calender on the, at least partially, dried paper or board, with the aim of improving the finish, the process permitting some control of the thickness of the paper
Caliper	Thickness of paper and board
CLS	Canadian lumber standard = framing timber for house building
Chemical pulp	Pulp produced by using cooking chemicals which dissolve lignin, the glue in the wood, to release the cellulose fibres
CTMP	Chemi-thermomechanical pulp; pulp produced by refining chemically impregnated, pre-heated woodchips
China clay	Mineral used in papermaking, as both filler and coating pigment
CIE whiteness	Degree of whiteness measured according to recommendations of the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage)
CKB	Board consisting of either bleached chemical pulp or a mineral-coated top layer or both, an unbleached back and a middle layer of unbleached chemical and/or mechanical pulp; used for packaging food and non-food products
Coated fine paper	Fine paper with a pigmented surface layer which increases the uniformity of the printing surface and provides improved printing properties, particularly for the reproduction of illustrations
Coating	Process by which paper or board is coated with an agent to improve its brightness and/or printing properties or its barrier properties; layer of extruded plastic on paper and board provides barrier properties or good printability for the substrate; layer of pigments and binding materials, such as latexes, improves printability of paper and board
Cores	Spirally wound tube produced from coreboard, around which paper and board rolls, plastic film rolls and textile yarn rolls are wound
Coreboard	board produced from recovered papers, sometimes combined with a small proportion of primary wood pulp; used to produce paper cores
Corewood	Wood located in the centre of the trunk and often darker in colour than the surrounding wood
Corrugated board	Container board consisting of one or several fluted filler boards (corrugating medium), glued to a surface layer of liners (kraftliner, testliner) consisting of one or several layers, used in containers
CUK	Boards used for food and non-food cartons consisting of a bleached chemical pulp or a mineral-coated top layer or both, an unbleached back and unbleached chemical and/or mechanical pulp middle layers
Cupstock	Plastic-coated board used for paper cup production; suitable for cups for cold or hot beverages and for food and non-food packaging
Decay resistance	Wood's resistance to attack by decay fungi
De-inked pulp, DIP	Recovered paper pulp which has been de-inked through chemical or mechanical processing
Digital printing machine	Printing machine that prints direct from a computer data file onto paper, using the same image transfer techniques as are used in copiers and printers; often includes binding operation
Digital printing paper	Paper or board specially designed to be used in digital printing machines
DIP, de-inked pulp	Recovered paper pulp which has been de-inked through chemical or mechanical processing
Directory paper	Paper made in different colours, for printing characteristics required by telephone directories and other similar publications, mainly from mechanical pulp and DIP, lighter and thinner than newsprint
Dominant wave length	Wavelength of the monochromatic component of the colour mixture that matches the evaluated shade of the newsprint specifies the colour of paper
Durability, natural durability	Natural resistance of wood to attack by decay fungi, insects and marine borers
Excitation purity	Lightness or darkness of the colour (defined with dominant wavelength)
FBB	Multi-layer board, often mineral-coated, with an outer layer of sulphate (kraft) pulp and middle layer of mechanical pulp (groundwood, pressure groundwood or TMP; in top grades CTMP pulp may also be applied); used primarily for consumer cartons for packaging of dry and moist foods, cigarettes and other consumer products; also used in the graphic industry for catalogue covers, postcards and folders, etc.
Fillet	An oblong piece of wood with constant (and relatively small) cross-section, normally shaped to fit against a planed surface and most frequently profiled
Fine paper	Printing, writing and office papers of the finest quality, produced from a bleached chemical pulp with very little or no mechanical pulp; either coated or uncoated
Finger-joint	glued length-wise jointing of timber pieces used in load-bearing structures
Fluff pulp	Special sulphate (kraft) or CTMP pulp that takes on a cotton-like appearance after dry defibration, used for absorbent materials such as nappies and feminine hygiene products
Fully bleached pulp	Pulp that has been bleached to the highest brightness attainable
Furnish	Mixture of pulps and fillers which are processed by the paper machine to make paper
Further processed	Treated chemically or industrially to gain added value
Gloss paper	Coated paper with a smooth, high-white and glossy surface that offers excellent picture printing quality
Glued timber joint, finger-joint	Glued length-wise jointing of timber pieces used in load-bearing structures
Glulam, laminated timber	Product which is laminated by gluing two or more timber pieces together
Grade	Classification of papers differentiated from each other on the basis of their content, appearance, manufacturing history, and/or their end use
Grammage, gsm	Mass of paper or board divided by area, typically expressed as g/m2; one of the basic units to specify a paper grade
Graphic paper, coated fine paper	Fine paper with a pigmented surface layer which increases the uniformity of the printing surface and provides improved printing properties, particularly for the reproduction of illustrations
Gravure printing, rotogravure	Printing process where the image is engraved (electronically or chemically) in the form of cells in the surface of a metal cylinder
Greyboard	Board made of recovered fibres and used for cartons and boxes in various packaging applications, as dividers, display boards and for book-binding; often laminated with other papers and boards
Groundwood pulp, mechanical pulp	Mechanical pulp manufactured by grinding wood against, e.g., a grindstone
Gsm, grammage	Mass of paper or board divided by area, typically expressed as g/m2; one of the basic units to specify a paper grade
Hardwood	Wood from a deciduous broad-leaved tree (such as birch, oak or beech) as distinguished from that of conifers
Heartwood, corewood	Wood located in the centre of the trunk and often darker in colour than the surrounding wood
High finish paper	Machine-calendered newsprint (= standardized printing paper produced from mechanical pulp)
HWC, heavy-weight coated paper	Coated paper produced from mechanical and chemical pulp used for special and general interest magazines, catalogues and advertising materials; coated to provide a high-quality printing surface
Improved newsprint	Newsprint type of paper made from bleached mechanical pulp or DIP for four-colour printing; different brightness levels
ISO brightness, diffuse blue reflectance factor	Intrinsic reflectance factor at an effective wavelength of 457 nm; measure for the brightness of paper
Joinery	Wooden components of a building, such as stairs, doors, door and window frames, viewed collectively
Kaolin, China clay	Mineral used in papermaking, as both filler and coating pigment
Kiln drying	Drying of green wood in kilns to required end use or trading moisture contents
Kraft, kraft paper	High-strength paper made almost entirely of unbleached kraft pulp
Kraftliner	Facing board used, for example, as an outer ply in corrugated board
Kraft paper, kraft	High-strength paper made almost entirely of unbleached kraft pulp
Kraft sack paper, sack paper	Paper used for the production of bags and sacks made from sulphate (kraft) pulp, with high strength properties
Label paper	One-sided machine-coated or cast-coated paper for labels for the beverage and food industry
Lacquered	Coated or sprayed with lacquer
Laminated	Product overlaid with a layer of plastic foil or veneer
Laminated timber, glulam	Product which is laminated by gluing two or more timber pieces together
Laminating base paper, laminating paper	Saturating base kraft paper and phenolic resin impregnated paper
Laminating paper, laminating base paper	Saturating base kraft paper and phenolic resin impregnated paper
Length packaged	Package of timber consisting of one timber length
Light-weight coated paper, LWC	Paper produced from mechanical and chemical pulp coated to provide a high-quality printing surface and used for special and general interest magazines, catalogues and advertising materials
Lignin	Polymer, which binds the fibres in the wood together and gives them stiffness
Liquid Packaging Board, LPB, milkstock	Plastic-coated board (FBB, SBS, SUS and CKB) used for the packaging of liquid foods, such as milk or juice, and often high-barrier-coated or foil-laminated for long-life beverages
Log handling, log sorting	Sorting of cut off or fallen trunks of trees
Long fibre pulp	Pulp produced from softwood (softwood pulp)
Low moisture absorbency	Reduced water uptake of wood
LPB, Liquid Packaging Board, milkstock	Plastic-coated board (FBB, SBS, SUS and CKB) used for the packaging of liquid foods, such as milk or juice, and often high-barrier-coated or foil-laminated for long-life beverages
Lumber	Wood (= usu sawn timber) used for or suitable for building (e.g. a house or boat) or for carpentry or joinery
LWC, light-weight coated paper	Paper produced from mechanical and chemical pulp coated to provide a high-quality printing surface and used for special and general interest magazines, catalogues and advertising materials
m3	Cubic metre used, for example, to express the amount of wood
Machine-finished coated paper, MFC	Paper used for special and general interest magazines, catalogues and advertising materials produced from mechanical and chemical pulp for which soft calendering gives a matt finish to the surface
Machine-finished paper, MF	Paper used for special and general interest magazines, catalogues and advertising materials produced from mechanical and chemical pulp for which soft calendering gives a matt finish to the surface
Machine stress-rated lumber, MSR lumber	Dimension lumber that has been evaluated by mechanical stress-rating equipment used to measure the stiffness of the material and sort it into various modulus of elasticity (E) classes mechanical or non-mechanical testing methods
Matt finish	Matt calendered surface resulting a dull finish to the surface of paper and board and having a diffuse reflection; opposite of gloss finish
mc, moisture content	Weight of water contained in wood, expressed as a percentage of the weight of the oven dry wood
Mechanical pulp	Pulp produced by mechanically grinding logs or wood chips; used mainly for newsprint
Mechanical pulp, groundwood pulp	Mechanical pulp manufactured by grinding wood against, e.g., a grindstone
Medium-weight coated paper, MWC	Medium-weight coated paper; paper used for special and general interest magazines, catalogues and advertising materials produced from mechanical and chemical pulp paper is coated to provide a high-quality printing surface
MF, machine-finished paper	Paper used for special and general interest magazines, catalogues and advertising materials produced from mechanical and chemical pulp for which soft calendering gives a matt finish to the surface
MFC, machine-finished coated paper	Paper used for special and general interest magazines, catalogues and advertising materials produced from mechanical and chemical pulp for which soft calendering gives a matt finish to the surface
MG kraft paper	One-sided calendered paper used for paper bags, wrapping paper, carrier bags, flexible packaging, etc produced mainly from sulphate (kraft) pulp
Milkstock, LPB, Liquid Packaging Board	Plastic-coated board (FBB, SBS, SUS and CKB) used for the packaging of liquid foods, such as milk or juice, and often high-barrier-coated or foil-laminated for long-life beverages
Moisture content, mc	Weight of water contained in wood, expressed as a percentage of the weight of the oven dry wood
Moulding, fillet	An oblong piece of wood with constant (and relatively small) cross-section, normally shaped to fit against a planed surface and most frequently profiled
MSR lumber, machine stress-rated lumber	Dimension lumber that has been evaluated by mechanical stress-rating equipment used to measure the stiffness of the material and sort it into various modulus of elasticity (E) classes mechanical or non-mechanical testing methods
MWC, medium-weight coated paper	Medium-weight coated paper; paper used for special and general interest magazines, catalogues and advertising materials produced from mechanical and chemical pulp paper is coated to provide a high-quality printing surface
Natural durability, durability	Natural resistance of wood to attack by decay fungi, insects and marine borers
Neutral sulphite pulp, NSSC	Semi-chemical pulp produced by cooking woodchips in a neutral sulphite solution
Newspaper, newsprint	Unsized and uncoated paper manufactured mainly from mechanical pulp or DIP and intended for daily newspapers and similar printed matter; grammage 40-52 g/m2
Newsprint, newspaper	Unsized and uncoated paper manufactured mainly from mechanical pulp or DIP and intended for daily newspapers and similar printed matter; grammage 40-52 g/m2
NSSC, neutral sulphite pulp	Semi-chemical pulp produced by cooking woodchips in a neutral sulphite solution
Office paper, uncoated fine paper	Printing, writing or office paper of the finest quality, produced from a bleached chemical pulp with very little or no mechanical pulp
Off-machine coating	Application of adding coating to the paper on a separate coating machine (coater) off the paper machine
Offset press	Printing press using an offset method where the image is transferred from the plate cylinder onto paper via blanket, plate or impression cylinder
Opacity	Property of paper that prevents show-through of printing, the opposite of transparency
Optical characteristics	Characteristics of the appearance of paper or board, the most important of which are shade, brightness, opacity and gloss
Oxygen bleaching	Lignin removal process using oxygen gas, alkali solution and stabilising substances
Permeability	Ability of a surface or coating of paper to allow passage of a gas, liquid or vapour
Permeance, porosity	Combined volume of the pores, capillaries and other voids between the fibres and fillers in a paper
Phenolic resin impregnated paper	Paper saturated with phenolic resin (= resin made by the polymerisation of a phenol with an aldehyde, used as a binder for cores and sand moulds)
Planed	Lumber or board that have got a smooth finish by planing
Plastic coating and laminating	Coating of paper and boards by polymers, typically polyethylene, and/or laminating with other materials, typically aluminium foil, plastic film or other paper and board
Plate	Any material used to make a printed impression by letterpress, gravure or lithography
Porosity, permeance	Combined volume of the pores, capillaries and other voids between the fibres and fillers in a paper
Press	Sets of opposing parallel rolls in a paper machine through which the paper web passes during manufacture and between which it is subjected topressure, at the same time increasing the dryness of the paper
Primary fibre, virgin fibre	Wood fibre never before used to make pulp, paper or board
Printability	Function and interaction of paper with other components, e.g. the ink in the printing process; subjective assessment judged from the printing result and covering all the paper properties that influence the results of printing an image. Compare runability
Printing paper	Paper specially designed for printing, e.g. newsprint and magazine paper
Processed softwood product	Timber product produced from wood of coniferous trees (e.g. pine)
Profile board	Board with a special shape, as seen from a side view
Purity	cf. excitation purity
Ream	Five hundred sheets of paper cut to a specific size
Reel-fed web offset printing	Printing on a continuous roll of paper in a printing press which uses a curved printing plate mounted on the plate cylinder
Refining, beating	Mechanical treatment of pulp fibres to develop their paper technical properties, such as ability to bond each other
Rejects	Material created in paper making and refinement which is removed and discarded during the cleaning of pulp/stock; usually used as repulped
Rotogravure, gravure printing	Printing process where the image is engraved (electronically or chemically) in the form of cells in the surface of a metal cylinder
Roughness	Degree of roughness of the surface of paper; opposite to smoothness.
Runability	Feature covering all the paper properties that create a trouble-free run through a paper machine or printing press (also how well cartons run on an automatic packaging line); see printability
S2S	Surfaced on two sides, rough lumber surfaced on the top and the bottom
S4S	Surfaced on four sides, lumber milled and surfaced on all four sides
Sack paper, kraft sack paper	Paper used for the production of bags and sacks made from sulphate (kraft) pulp, with high strength properties
Sapwood	Outer layers of a stem, which, in a live tree, are composed of living cells and conduct water up the tree
Saturated Base Kraft, SBK	Brown Absorbex Kraft Paper produced from unbleached sulphate pulp made from sawdust with good wet strength, used mainly in decorative high-pressure laminates (HPL); White Absorbex Kraft Paper is manufactured from bleached sulphate pulp and is used for electrical applications
Sawing line	Production line for converting log raw material to timber and by-products (chips and sawdust)
Sawmilling	Industry in which power-driven machines saw and plane timber
Sawn softwood products	Timber products that are produced from the wood of coniferous trees (e.g. pine, spruce)
SBK, Saturated Base Kraft	Brown Absorbex Kraft Paper produced from unbleached sulphate pulp made from sawdust with good wet strength, used mainly in decorative high-pressure laminates (HPL); White Absorbex Kraft Paper is manufactured from bleached sulphate pulp and is used for electrical applications
SBS, Solid Bleached Sulphate Board	Board consisting of one or several layers of bleached chemical pulp, often also pigment-coated, used in the graphic industry and for various consumer cartons for packaging dry and moist food products and in the non-food sector typically for cigarette and luxury goods cartons
SC, super-calendered paper	Uncoated paper that has been highly calendered in a supercalender in order to obtain a smoother surface and higher gloss than machine-finished paper; used for magazines, printed advertising material, catalogues and direct marketing
SC fluting	Board made from unbleached semi-chemical pulp and used as a middle layer for corrugated boards
Screening	Separation of suspended material into fractions according to form, size and density with the aid of one or more screens
Sheet-fed offset printing	Offset printing where individual pieces of paper are fed into the press
Shives	Small bundles of fibres in pulp or paper that have not been separated completely during pulping
Short fibre pulp	Pulp produced from hardwood (hardwood pulp; e.g.. birch, beech, eucalyptus)
Silk matte paper	Coated paper with non-reflecting surface and high whiteness suitable for printed matter with large blocks of text, providing excellent picture printing characteristics
Sizing	Process where a sizing agent (e.g. starch) is added to the paper to increase strength and decrease absorbance
Smoothness	Degree of evenness and regularity of the surface of a paper sheet; opposite to roughness
Softwood	Wood of pine, spruce, or other conifers; with the advantage of having long fibres which enhance the strength of paper
Solid Bleached Sulphate Board, SBS	Board consisting of one or several layers of bleached chemical pulp, often also pigment-coated, used in the graphic industry and for various consumer cartons for packaging dry and moist food products and in the non-food sector typically for cigarette and luxury goods cartons
Specialty paper	Coated and uncoated paper designed and produced to meet the unique packaging, printing and labelling needs of customers with diverse and specialised paper needs; e.g. household papers, sanitary papers, base paper of wallpapers, labels, sack papers, wrapping papers, envelopes, packaging, flexible packaging and industrial papers
Specific volum, bulk	Reciprocal of paper density, also known as specific volume
Stained, discoloured	Lumber infected by blue-stain fungus causing blue colour
Standard newsprint	Used for newsprint when there is a need to stress that it is question of the basic newsprint
Stress grade	Measure describing the strength of structural timber
Sulphate pulp, kraft pulp	Chemical pulp produced by cooking woodchips in an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide
Sulphite pulp, bisulphite pulp	Chemical pulp produced by cooking woodchips in a solution of sulphur dioxide and ammonium-, calcium-, sodium- or magnesium-sulphite
Super-calendered paper, SC	Uncoated paper that has been highly calendered in a supercalender in order to obtain a smoother surface and higher gloss than machine-finished paper; used for magazines, printed advertising material, catalogues and direct marketing
Tearing resistance	Mechanical property of paper, force needed to tear paper
Testliner	Linerboards made partly or wholly from recovered fibres, range covering unbleached, white top, mottled and coated grades, used for surface layers of corrugated boards
Thermowood	Heat-treated timber
Thickness, caliper	Thickness of paper and board
TMP, thermomechanical pulp	Mechanical pulp produced by the pressurised pre-steaming of woodchips prior to defibration in a refiner
Truck packaged	Package of timber with random lengths
Uncoated fine paper, office paper	Printing, writing or office paper of the finest quality, produced from a bleached chemical pulp with very little or no mechanical pulp
Wastepaper	Used paper, such as newspapers, magazines and office paper, that is collected for recycling and reuse
Web fed offset printing, web offset	Offset printing on a roll of any substrate that passes continuously through a printing press
Web offset, web fed offset printing	Offset printing on a roll of any substrate that passes continuously through a printing press
Wellenstoff	Board made from recovered fibres and used as a middle layer for corrugated board
White Lined Chipboard, WLC	Board made mainly or wholly from recovered fibres, often mineral coated, and used for consumer cartons for dry food and non-food products as well as graphical end-uses
Virgin fibre, primary fibre	Wood fibre never before used to make pulp, paper or board
WLC, White Lined Chipboard	Board made mainly or wholly from recovered fibres, often mineral coated, and used for consumer cartons for dry food and non-food products as well as graphical end-uses
Wood extractive	Metabolic substance in wood, not an integral part of the cellular structure, that can be removed by solution in hot or cold water, ether, benzene, or other solvents that do not react chemically with wood substance
Wood preservative	Product containing pesticides which protect wood from pests and rot
Wood procurement	Purchase, harvesting and transport of wood to the mill
Wood protection	Using preservatives to protect timber from insects, rotting, weathering or wearing with chemicals (coats, paint and impregnation compounds)
Top